Presence in Online Teaching

Garrison and Anderson’s (2003) Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework is a useful guide to understand the required ingredients for an inclusive learning community online. Based on this framework, effective learning experiences occur in a community where three types of presence, namely Teaching, Cognitive, and Social, intersect. Research (see, for example, Richardson et al., 2012) also shows that the emergence of a CoI is correlated with a higher sense of belonging, safety, learning, and satisfaction in student-members.